Using the Personal Stroop to Detect Children's Awareness of Social Rejection by Peers

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Abstract
A personal (or emotional) Stroop methodology was used to assess children's internalisation of peer rejection. A computerised Stroop colour-naming task with a voice-activated timer was given to 59 socially popular and unpopular elementary schoolchildren. We presented negative social words and three sets of control words (positive social, negative nonsocial, and positive nonsocial) individually and in random order. Unpopular children (but not popular children) demonstrated significantly greater colour-naming interference on negative social words versus control words, suggesting that they had internalised personally relevant social status information. This sensitivity to negative social content words remained even after controlling for grade level, self-reported depressive symptoms, and self-reported social competence. Advantages and disadvantages of the personal Stroop methodology relative to self-report methodologies are discussed.