The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. X. The effect of replacement of fish meal with either urea or ammonium acetate on growth rate and nitrogen retention in calves fed ad libitum

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Abstract
1. A growth trial and nitrogen balance studies were carried out on 32 early-weaned calves fed on a basal diet containing fish meal or diets in which the fish meal nitrogen was partially replaced by urea or ammonium acetate or totally replaced by urea. 2. Growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were highest on the fish meal diet and fell as urea replaced the fish meal. 3. Rumen ammonia levels and urinary nitrogen excretion were highest, and nitrogen retention lowest, in the calves receiving the diet in which fish meal nitrogen was completely replaced by urea nitrogen.