Age Determination of Male Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura) from the Netherlands, based on Year Rings in Phalanges

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Abstract
Based on both the pattern of year rings in a particular phalanx of adult male specimens of the common toad Bufo bufo and the thickness of this bone in first-year toads, the rate of resorption of year rings in each toad could be assessed. It appeared that this rate of resorption is small. Therefore the age of male specimens of Bufo bufo from the Netherlands can be determined for about 92% by counting the number of year rings in hematoxylin-stained cross-sections of this particular phalanx. This percentage can be raised to 93-98% by considering the year rings resorbed. The age of the remaining toads may be underestimated by not more than one year.

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