Time of Activity of Male Oriental Fruit Moths 1 at Pheromone Sources in the Field

Abstract
Peak flight activity of male oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), at pheromone sources occurred at from 1 h before to shortly after sunset in flights other than the overwintering emergence when most activity took place 2–3 h before sunset. There was no difference in the time of male activity at synthetic pheromone or live virgin female sources. The onset of flight appeared to be determined by sunset time. No obvious relationship existed between light intensity and time of flight, although light was implicated in the daily pattern of activity at various heights in the orchard. There was a lower threshold of 15°C for flight but no evidence of temperature dependence above this figure up to a maximum of 35°C.

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