Broad-Range Methods for Determination of Pollutants in Wastewater

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Abstract
The EPA is required by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA), and amendments thereto, to control or eliminate discharges of pollutants into water ways in the U.S., its territories and possessions. In controlling these discharges, the EPA's Industrial Technology Division (ITD) with in the EPA's Office of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS) has been given the responsibility to establish effluent limits for any substance that may have an adverse effect on human health or the environment. The ITD determines the concentrations of pollutants at industrial plants in order to assess the performance of various water and waste treatment technologies. To determine the concentration of pollutants, ITD uses broad-range analytical methods so that the largest number of pollutants can be measured at the lowest cost. At the same time, ITD must produce the most precise and accurate data possible so that the regulations most closely reflect the true value of the pollutants in wastewater. This paper gives technical details of the broad-range methods employed by ITD to determine the identity and concentrations of pollutants in wastewater, sludge, sediment, and other matrices.

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