Molecular heterogeneity of free PSA in sera of patients with benign and malignant prostate tumors.

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Abstract
Objective: To analyze free prostate-specific antigen (f-PSA) in sera from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to detect possible differences in subtypes as potential diagnostic parameters. Materials and Methods: PSA was purified from sera by an immunoaffinity procedure developed on the basis of oriented antibody immobilization, and subjected to size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Western blotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Results: The novel procedure allowed the purification of PSA with high yield from sera containing PSA 146–Pro237. Shortening of some polypeptides by the N-terminal amino acid Ile1 suggestive of aminopeptidase action was also observed. No propeptide sequence could be detected, and none of the bands from patient sera reacted with antibodies raised against propeptide antigens. BPH sera expressed higher proportions of smaller PSA fragments per unit p33, and contained significant amounts of fragments Conclusions: f-PSA as obtained from BPH and PCa sera represents a heterogeneous fraction. The major component (p33) is not in the nicked form and does not contain proPSA. Diagnostic potential could arise from the quantitative differences of the smaller PSA derivatives seen between PCa and BPH sera.

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