Work and personal resources as long‐term predictors of well‐being

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Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to recognize the work and personal factors that predict well‐being in the long run. The empirical analyses are based on sample data from a larger survey in 1986 and from the 10‐year follow‐up. Well‐being was determined in terms of psychological and physiological symptoms of strain. Discriminant analysis was used to identify the predictor variables which best characterize the differences between the extreme strain groups. Differences were observed in the strength of work and personal resources between workers with low and high strain, and in the role of these resources in the process of staying well at work. Strong personal resources, especially strong sense of coherence, seem to protect workers from strain and thus maintain well‐being. At work, factors related to social processes, i.e. social support and appreciation from colleagues and superiors, act as primary work‐related resources. In general, the personal resources were better discriminating factors than the work characteristics. Well‐being was found to be relatively stable. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.