A compression testing instrument for use with pastes

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Abstract
An instrument of low frictional resistance is described in which small cylindrical specimens can be compressed by loads up to several kilograms. Loads can be applied at different constant rates or in separate increments and the deformations can be observed using either a dial gauge or an optical lever. Observation of the rate of compression of a bitumen at constant load gives a value for the viscosity substantially in agreement with that found by a concentric cylinder method. The usual method of testing pastes is at a constant rate of loading, a record of specimen height and load being obtained by taking a cine film of the dial gauge and a stop watch by its side. Typical test results for pastes are discussed, concerning the effects of roughness of compression surfaces, of addition of filler to a paste, and of variations in the rate of loading.