Mass Transfer Along an Ice Surface Observed by a Groove Relaxation Technique

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Abstract
The mass transfer on an ice surface was measured using a groove decay technique on (0001) plane and direction at −10° C. The evaporation–condensation and viscous flow terms in Mullins’ theory were deduced from the change of decay constant as a function of groove wavelength between 16 and 80μm. A viscous flow term contributes the most to groove decay while an evaporation–condensation term contributes up to 31.5% of the mass transfer for the shortest wavelength measured and other terms were found to be negligible. Large discrepancies between the decay constants obtained from the measurements and constants calculated from theory indicate that other mechanisms not considered in Mullins’ theory may be responsible for the groove decay.

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