Dove reproduction and retinoid (vitamin A) dynamics in adult females and their eggs following exposure to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl

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Abstract
One week before mating, ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) received an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin-stripped corn oil containing 0 or 40 μg/g 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Of numerous reproductive parameters investigated, egg laying was retarded (p < 0.001) and 43% of the embryos died primarily between days 4 and 7 of incubation in the exposed group. Exposed females laying viable eggs had higher (p < 0.01) serum retinol at the time of mating than exposed females producing eggs that failed to develop to hatching. Serum retinol concentrations were greater (p < 0.05) in exposed males than in control males. A method was developed to extract and quantify five naturally occurring retinoids in egg yolks. When the experiment was repeated, yolk retinol and retinyl palmitate decreased (p < 0.05) between days 3 and 8 of development in the eggs of the exposed group regardless of embryo viability. No change in yolk retinoids occurred in the control group. At day 3 of incubation, the ratio of retinol: retinyl palmitate in yolks was greater (p < 0.01) in the viable eggs of the exposed group than in either the controls or the nonviable eggs of the exposed group. Despite the reproductive effects, the repeated dose of biphenyl did not elicit liver porphyrin accumulation or alter internal organ weights. Liver retinol concentrations were lower in males (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.05) exposed to the toxicant than in controls; liver retinyl palmitate was unchanged. These changes in retinoid dynamics during oogenesis and in ovo may be a compensatory response to the toxicant.

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