Annual Flowering and Growth Habit in Cabbage—Broccoli Crosses1

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Abstract
When inbred lines of cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group)] and green sprouting broccoli [B. oleracea L. (Italica group)] were crossed, F1 plants were annual in flowering, tall, and generally resembled broccoli. Of 2,724 F2 plants, 43% developed visible flower buds during the field-growing season, which appeared to be too short for full expression of annual habit. Annual versus biennial habit and time of flower bud appearance in annual plants seemed to be under quantitative genetic control. Height varied from that of typical cabbage to that of broccoli and greater, and was not related to apparent annual habit or general appearance of the plants. Though some plants resembled cabbage in leaf type and form of the terminal rosette, no typical heading cabbages were recovered.

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