Stimulation of the erythrocyte Ca2+‐ATPase and of bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases by chemically modified calmodulin

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Abstract
Chemically modified calmodulins have been used to investigate structural features which are important for the interaction of the activator with targets. Carbamoylation of lysine residues had no influence on the ability of calmodulin to stimulate the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase whereas the stimulation of the bovine brain cyclic‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase was reduced up to 50%. Different species of carbamoylated calmodulin have been isolated but no differences were detected in their interaction with the cyclic‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Modification of arginine residues by 1,2‐cyclohexanedione had no effect on the stimulation of the phosphodiesterase but reduced by 40% the stimulation of the erythrocyte Ca2+ ATPase. Mild oxidation of methionines by N‐chlorsuccinimide produced a number of differently modified calmodulins. The different species have been purified and the modified residues have been identified. They affected the two different test enzymes to different extents indicating that methionines in the central helix of calmodulin are of greater importance for the interaction with the phosphodiesterase, whereas methionines located in the C‐terminal half of calmodulin are more important for the interaction with the Ca2+‐ATPase.