Pes cavus and claw toes deformity in patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis

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Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis were surveyed for the presence of extreme foot deformities and spasticity. Pes cavus and claw toes were found in eight of 80 spastic spinal cord injury and two of 20 multiple sclerosis patients. Pes cavus and claw toes were not found in 29 flaccid spinal cord injury patients. Pes cavus and claw toes were associated with flexor reflexes which could be elicited by pin prick proximal to the knee, suggesting extreme spasticity—and by low excitatory thresholds for the anterior tibialis as indicated electromyographically. Complications of severe spasticity associated with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis include pes cavus and claw toes, mediated in part by spasms of the anterior tibialis.