Abstract
Angiocarpic seeds occur in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid populations of Rumex acetosella s.l.- gymnocarpic seeds occur in tetraploids and hexaploids only, and among the hexaploids in populations from northern and central Europe. Cell and organ sizes do not rigorously correspond with the various levels of ploidy, and the overlap in range and frequency results in monomodal distributions. All New Zealand populations are hexaploid and angiocarpic and are unlikely to have been introduced from northern and central Europe.

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