Push‐pull effect of surround illumination on excitatory and inhibitory inputs to mudpuppy retinal ganglion cells.

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Abstract
Changes in membrane potential and conductance were measured in on-centre and off-centre ganglion cells during the responses to illumination of different portions of the receptive field. In on-centre ganglion cells the sustained depolarizing response to steady illumination of the receptive field centre was associated with a net increase in conductance. In the presence of centre illumination, stimulation of the surround with an annulus of light caused a hyperpolarization and a net decrease in conductance, and the reversal potential of the light-evoked response was shifted in a negative direction. In the absence of centre illumination the same annular stimulus caused a hyperpolarization and a net increase in conductance. In off-centre ganglion cells the sustained hyperpolarizing response to centre illumination was associated with a net increase in conductance. In the presence of centre illumination, stimulation of the surround with an annulus caused a depolarization and a net decrease in conductance, and the reversal potential of the light-evoked response was shifted in a positive direction. In the absence of centre illumination the same annulus caused a depolarization and a net increase in conductance. The results indicate that illumination of the receptive field surround can affect both the excitatory and inhibitory sustained inputs to a given ganglion cell in a ''push-pull'' manner, by decreasing the synatic input that was increased by centre illumination and increasing the synaptic input of opposite sign. The relative effect of a given surround illumination on these two inputs, and hence the sign and magnitude of the net conductance change, varied with the amount of centre illumination.