Use of cytokines in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: a critical review.

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Abstract
PURPOSEThe colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have been evaluated in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), both as potential priming agents and during and/or following induction chemotherapy to shorten the period of myelosuppression. The purpose of this review is to evaluate critically the safety and efficacy of the CSFs, primarily granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in the treatment of patients with AML.METHODSAll phase III trials that have either been presented or published that used CSFs during and/or following induction chemotherapy in patients with de novo AML are discussed. Relevant background information and future directions are also addressed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONThere have been six phase III trials that used either GM-CSF or G-CSF in induction therapy in patients with AML. It is difficult to compare these trials due to differences in patient age, induction therapy administered, disease characteristics, whether leuk...

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