Cell and Tissue Culture for Breeding and Developmental Studies of Citrus1

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Abstract
Breeding methods which are successfully applied in the production of new and superior cultivars of grains and vegetables are often less effective when used with perennial species such as fruit trees. Fruit trees, especially outbreeding species, are highly heterozygous and have remained thus unchanged for generations because of vegetative propagation. These species are characterized by a more or less prolonged juvenile period. Limited available space and high costs involved in maintenance of orchard plots reduce the number of hybrids that can be studied.

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