β-Amyloid precursor protein, ETS-2 and collagen alpha 1 (VI) chain precursor, encoded on chromosome 21, are not overexpressed in fetal Down syndrome: further evidence against gene dosage effect

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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common human chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 and characterized clinically by somatic anomalies, mental retardation and precocious dementia. The phenotype of DS is thought to result from overexpression of a gene or genes located on the triplicated chromosome or chromosome region. Reports that challenge this notion, however, have been published. To add to this body of evidence, the expression of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), ETS-2 and collagen α1 (VI) chain precursor, encoded on chromosome 21, was investigated in fetal brain by western blot and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Western blot detected APP and ETS-2 that migrated at -75 and 50kDa, respectively. Subsequent densitometric analysis of APP and ETS-2 immuno-reactivity did not produce any significant change between controls and DS. Since the metabolic fate of APP determines the propensity of amyloid β production, the expression of the secreted forms of APP (sAPP) had been examined. Neither the expression of sAPPaα nor sAPPß showed any detectable changes among the two groups. Collagen α1(VI) chain precursor, a protein resolved as a single spot on 2D gel was identified by matrix associated laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of this spot using the 2D Image Master software revealed a significant decrease in fetal DS (P < 0.01) compared to controls. Linear regression analysis did not show any correlation between protein levels and age. The current data suggest that overexpression per se can not fully explain the DS phenotype.