The Relationship of Protein Fractions and Individual Proteins to Seedling Vigour in Wheat1

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Abstract
Foliar applications of urea were applied to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Logan) to study the relationships between seed size, total, fractional, and individual protein contents and seedling vigour. Seedling vigour was found to be closely related to the total protein content of the whole seed and endosperm. Seedling vigour was also related to the salt-insoluble and salt-soluble fractions of the endosperm. The majority of individual proteins as separated by SDS gel electrophoresis from both the salt-soluble and -insoluble fractions of the endosperm were positively correlated with seedling vigour. In growth analysis studies, while the high-protein seeds lost weight and protein more rapidly than low-protein seeds, no appreciable differences in net assimilation rate, relative growth rate or leaf area ratio were detected. The ratio of insoluble to soluble proteins did not change with seed size but was increased by urea applications. The nitrogen content of the gliadin fraction was increased by nitrogen fertilizer, foliar applications of urea and sub-toxic levels of herbicides while concomitantly the nitrogen content of the glutenin fraction decreased.

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