Alcohol and All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis

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Abstract
Reviewing 59 studies of the risk curve for alcohol consumption level and all-cause mortality, a general J-shaped curve is confirmed, particularly in cohorts with experience starting at middle age (rather than in youth or old age). The divergence in most studies that are exceptions to this rule can be plausibly explained. A pooled analysis of studies with cohorts age 45 and above at entry shows the most beneficial effect for women in a drinking category with a midpoint of one drink every second day, and for men in the drinking category with a midpoint of one and a half drinks per day though most of the benefit can be obtained by men, too, in the category with a midpoint of one-half drink per day. For men under 45, there was an almost linear increase in mortality risk with increasing consumption; data are lacking for a similar analysis for women. Directions are suggested for development in future studies, including the use of data on patterns of drinking.