Genetic characterization of a Rhizobium meliloti lactose utilization locus

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Abstract
Summary: We identified several linked genes of a lactose regulon in Rhizobium meliloti. These were lacZ, the structural gene for β‐galactosidase; lacR, the lactose repressor gene; and two genes encoding proteins of unknown function. lacW and lacX. Insertion mutants in lacW and lacZ belonged to a single genetic compiementation group, and lacW appeared to lie upstream of lacZ in an operon. Expression of lacZ, lacW and lacX was repressed by lacR, and expression of lacZ and lacW was derepressed by lactose. lacZ was not required for Induction of lacW by lactose, suggesting that lactose itself, rather than a processed form of lactose, may be the actual Inducer molecule. Expression of all three genes was repressed by succinate, and the lacR independence of this repression showed that inducer exciusion could not be the sole mechanism. This pattern of lac gene organization and regulation differs in several ways from that observed in enteric bacteria.