Effect of Three Desiccant-Type Herbicides on Fruiting Structures ofColletotrichum truncatumandPhomopsisspp. on Soybean Stems

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Abstract
Soybean (G. max) cultivars UFV1 and UFV2 grown at Florestal and Vicosa, Brazil, and cultivars Bonus and Wells grown at Urbana, Illinois [USA] were sprayed at growth stages R5.5-6 (full pod) or R7 (physiologic maturity) with one of 3 desiccant-type, nonselective herbicides: glyphosate, paraquat or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50). The stems of all paraquat-sprayed plants had optimum development of fruiting structures of C. truncatum, causal fungus of soybean anthracnose, and of Phomopsis spp., causal fungi of soybean pod and stem blight, stem canker, and seed decay as much as 3 wk earlier than unsprayed plants. Glyphosate-sprayed plants of ''Bonus'' and ''UFV1'' gave similar results. No differences were noted between plants unsprayed or sprayed with sodium chlorate:sodium borate. Parallel increases in the development of fruiting structures with time were recorded on stems of unsprayed and sprayed plants. Treatment, time of treatment and location influenced the development of the fruiting structures of the test fungi.

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