Studies on Therapy of Staphylococcal Infections in Monkeys. I. Comparison of Cloxacillin, Triacetyloleandomycin and Erythromycin.

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Abstract
Two bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotics were compared with a bactericidal semisynthetic penicillin using rhesus monkeys. Tube dilution sensitivity tests showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, oleandomycin base and erythromycin were 0.25, 1.0 and 0.25 mcg/ml, respectively, and bactericidal concentrations were 1.0, 31.3 and 15.6 mcg/ml, respectively. Therapy in these studies was not instituted until 16 hr. after challenge with a lethal dose, and at a time when blood cultures were positive and the monkeys obviously ill. Intravenous inoculation of a penicillin-resistant, phage type 80/81 staphylococcus caused lethal infection of all 7 untreated monkeys. Daily intragastric administration of 30-50 mg/kg of erythromycin, triacetyloleandomycin and cloxacillin was followed by mortalities in 7 of 8, 2 of 8 and 4 of 8, respectively. The bacteriostatic triacetyloleandomycin was perhaps superior to cloxacillin in preventing lethal infection.

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