Phase equilibria and phase separation proceedings of the 5th polymer meeting point at the university of essex. Phase equilibria and phase separation

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Abstract
Phase separations in condensed systems are reviewed on the basis of the still valid considerations of Gibbs, Van der Waals and Schreinemakers, formulated many years ago. Examples are taken from more recent data on mixtures containing macromolecules, which appear to obey phase‐rule theory in great detail and subtlety. The phase rule sets limits to the maximum possible number of phases, the actual number being governed by the precise dependence of the free enthalpy (Gibbs free energy) of mixing on temperature, concentration, molecular weight, etc. Accurate knowledge of the free enthalpy function allows prediction of phase behaviour with great precision. Methods are described which permit sufficiently accurate determination of the necessary parameters.