Primary Hypersplenism in a Dog

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Abstract
A 10-year-old, male, mongrel dog showed moderate anemia with leukopenia at 30 to 60-day intervals for 2 years (August 1987-June 1988). When the dog was in the anemic state, hematocrit value and total leukocyte count decreased between 18% and 30% and-between 1400 and 4000/μl, respectively; this condition was associated with anorexia, elevated body temperature (39. 5-40. 5 C), and splenomegaly. No remarkable changes of either erythrocyte or leukocyte morphology and differential leukocyte count were observed during the anemic state and leukopenic phases. The patient usually recovered from the disease within 1-2 weeks after the onset of anemia, following treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. As the hematocrit value increased, a marked increase in the number of reticulocytes was observed in the peripheral blood. After splenectomy of the patient, this cyclic anemia with leukopenia disappeared. The weight of the excised spleen was 550 g. Histopathological examination of the spleen showed no significant pathological changes other than congestion and moderate hemosidelosis. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as primary hypersplenism.

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