Mechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Its Contribution to Knee Kinematics

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Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), as one of the major stabilizers of knee motion, is anatomically complex. Its inability to heal when torn often requires surgical reconstruction using biological tissues or artificial ligament replacements to achieve knee stability and appropriate kinematics for young and active patients. Yet, there is much debate as to which graft and reconstruction technique best emulate the natural ligament. To increase our knowledge of the function of the ACL in the knee joint, it is crucial to understand the tensile properties of the ligament as well as the its role in maintaining knee kinematics. This information should aid in the selection, design, and evaluation of ligament replacements and reconstruction techniques.

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