Singing synthesis with models of phonatory and articulatory kinematics

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Abstract
Singing synthesis to date has been attempted primarily in the acoustic domain. In an effort to learn more about the interactions between the source and subglottal and supraglottal resonators, a simulation strategy is employed that computes pressures and flows on the basis of vocal fold and articulatory movement. Some aspects of the perception of vocal registers are shown to be related to subglottal resonances. In particular, the first subglottal formant (ca. 500 Hz) helps to trigger the involuntary chest‐falsetto transition in untrained voices. Roundness in the medial surface contour of the vocal folds also helps to distinguish chest‐falsetto and male‐female differences. Vocal tract constrictions in the vicinity of the glottis are shown to affect vocal quality, in particular, the perception of vocal ring. Frication in the glottis and the vocal tract is computed on the basis of critical Reynolds numbers and is an automatic consequence of changes in subglottal pressure and airway constriction. Some examples of simulated sound will be given. [Work supported by NIH, Grant No. NS 16320‐08.]

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