Cumulative Incidence of Achilles Tendon Rupture and Tendinopathy in Male Former Elite Athletes

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Abstract
To study the cumulative incidence of Achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy among former top-level athletes. Historical cohort study. Finland. Male former elite athlete cohort members (n = 785; median age, 69 years when responding to the questionnaire; range, 54-97) and their matched controls (n = 416; median age, 68 years; range, 56-94). Questionnaire-reported Achilles tendinopathy and tendon rupture diagnosed by physicians before the age of 45 years and within the subjects' lifetimes. Cumulative incidence of Achilles tendinopathy before the age of 45 was high for middle and long-distance runners (adjusted odds ratio, 31.2 compared with controls; P < 0.001), and cumulative incidence of Achilles tendon rupture was high for sprinters (odds ratio, 14.9; P < 0.001). Achilles tendon problems seem to constitute clinically significant and common problems in specific sports.

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