X-Ray Diffraction by Liquid Crystals

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Abstract
Following a very brief historical review, x-ray diffraction by nematic and smectic liquid crystals is critically examined in terms of the data available and the structural models and molecular theories that have been proposed to explain it. Studiesof TBBA are used to illustrate some of the principal mesophases that have been distinguished. Other types of liquid crystals and their phase transitions are also briefly reviewed. This analysis shows that careful experimental work is still needed to decide the kinds of models that best describe the various types of mesophases that have been shown to exist.