Developmental expression of immobilin in the rat epididymis

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Abstract
Background: Immobilin is a protein secreted by principal cells of the distal initial segment, intermediate zone and caput epididymidis of adult rats, which serves to immobilize spermatozoa. In the distal cauda, epithelial clear cells are involved in its endocytosis. The objective of this study was to correlate the developmental events in the maturation of the epdidymis with the timing of immobilin secretion and endocytosis in order to evaluate the testicular or epididymal factors which may influence or regulate immobilin expression. Methods: Our approach was to follow and compare the developmental expression of immobilin by light microscope immunocytochemistry in control and efferent duct ligated rats of different postnatal ages. Results: Coincident with the morphological maturation of the principal cells by postnatal day 39, immobilin displayed the characteristic secretory immunostaining pattern found in adults. This adult‐like expression occurred despite the absence of spermatozoa in the lumen but was coincident with high levels of circulating and luminal androgens. In contrast, immobilin secretion in rats whose efferent ducts were ligated at day 15 was weak to non‐existent in the principal cells of the caput epididymidis at day 28 and remained so into adulthood, indicating that principal cells of this region of the epididymis are dependent either directly or indirectly upon testicular factors present in the lumen for immobilin expression. However, secretion of immobilin in the principal cells of the distal initial segment was unaffected by ligation and unlike the case in control rats high levels of immobilin also continued to be secreted into adulthood by the principal cells of the proximal initial segment. Thus in the distal initial segment immobilin secretion is not regulated by luminal factors originating from the testis, while in the proximal initial segment the normal suppression of immobilin that occurs by postnatal day 39 is. Despite ligation, endocytosis of immobilin by clear cells of the distal cauda epididymidis occurred by day 49, indicating that luminal testicular factors are not essential for stimulating the uptake of immobilin by these cells. Conclusions: The results taken together suggest that there are stimulatory and inhibitory luminal testicular factors involved in the regional development of immobilin secretion in the epididymis. There are also immobilin secreting regions in the epididymis, whose secretory development is independent of luminal testicular factors.