Enhanced surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in England, 1990 to 1996: impact of conjugate vaccines

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Abstract
We report an enhanced prospective survey of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections that has defined the pattern of invasive disease in five English regions for 2 years before and 4 years after the introduction of the H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination program. During the prevaccination period the majority of cases of invasive H. influenzae were caused by type b; most (89%) of these infections occurred in children H. influenzae Diagnostic category varied with both age and serotype but was not affected by vaccine introduction; meningitis was the most common presentation overall but pneumonia and bacteremia were more common in adults and with noncapsulated isolates.