Effect of Improved Physical and Social Environment on Self-Help and Problem Behaviors of Institutionalized Retarded Males

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Abstract
Two studies are reported on the effects of improvement in the physical and social environment upon the problem behaviors (aggressive, hyperactive, and inappropriate behaviors) and self-help behaviors of severely and profoundly retarded institutionalized males. In Study I, self-help and problem behavior ratings were obtained before and after a 10-week baseline period, and after three successive 10-week periods of exposure to an improved ward environment. Results indicated significant and enduring improvements on self-help and problem behavior ratings, although no formal treatment was employed. In Study II, residents were exposed to a behavioral treatment and an improved setting, or an improved setting alone. Residents were assessed at baseline and after 10 and 20 weeks of treatment or control conditions. Results indicated that significant improvement was obtained on self-help ratings for only the residents who received behavioral treatment. However, for all problem behavior ratings except aggressive behaviors, significant reductions were obtained for both groups. The discrepancies in the findings of the two studies for self-help skills are discussed, and directions for future research and methodological issues are considered.