Prediction of Heat Shield Performance in Terms of Epoxy Resin Structure

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Abstract
High-strength, readily processable, char-forming, insulative materials are being sought for application in ablative heat shields for re-entry vehicles. Toward this end, the family of epoxy resins has been evaluated. The structure of epoxy resins and curing agents in terms of their functionality, aromaticity, and chemical nature is discussed in relation to its effect on ablative properties. The concept of controlled, constructive thermal degradation is extremely important in ablative epoxide compositions. Bridged Diels-Alder adducts based upon cyclic dienes and maleic anhydride perform well as epoxy resin curing agents in this respect. The mechanism of thermal ablative degradation of these systems is discussed in terms of in situ thermal control and char-forming reactions. The position of attachment of glycidyl groups, as well as the nature and position of other sub-stituents around the aromatic nucleus, has little effect in general upon the ablative properties of epoxy resins. Thermal and ablative data of both benzene and naphthalene derivatives are given. A new epoxy resin based upon 2-nitro resorcinol has been synthesized. This resin gives significant char increases, both quantitatively and qualitatively, over conventional epoxides. The unusual mechanism of polymerization and thermal degradation of this resin is discussed.
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