Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations

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Abstract
SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage with its attendant morbidity and mortality has been recognized for many years, but recognition of the diverse causes belongs mainly to the present century. Perhaps due to the greater frequency, greater tendency to rupture, and higher mortality, interest in and understanding of the natural history of the intracranial aneurysm dominated the literature. Although early pathological descriptions of arteriovenous malformations were made by Luschka1 (1854), Virchow2 (1867), and Steinheil3 (1895), the premortem diagnosis remained uncertain until angiography4 was introduced and refined into a generally safe, easily performed technique. Since that time, knowledge of the anatomicopathophysiology5 of intracranial arteriovenous malformations has rapidly expanded. These lesions, once considered distinctly rare, are now appreciated as a commonly occurring abnormality and a frequent cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the immediate prearteriogram era, Cushing, Bailey,6 and Dandy7 made the classic contributions which led to better understanding of

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