Theory and measures of individual differences in studies of trait by treatment interaction. 1

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Abstract
Studies based on the methodology of Trait by Treatment Interaction (TTI) have tended to emphasize input‐output relations as they interact with individual differences. Consideration of intervening processes employed by learners has been neglected to the possible detriment of empirical and theoretical contributions. The development of taxonomies of how situations are coded and of the kinds of processes used by learners with different characteristics appears to be essential. Furthermore, assessment of individual differences must correspond to the theoretical demands of a given study. The attainment of these objectives requires renewed attention to carefully derived “theoretical”; statements of interlocking and dynamic relations among situations, traits, processes, and outcomes.