Amphotericin B Activation of Human Genes Encoding for Cytokines

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Abstract
Amphotericin B has been shown to cause release of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), from monocytes and macrophages. Human and murine monocytic cell lines were used to evaluate the effects of amphotericin B on the transcription of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the transcription and production of soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra). The effects of inhibitors of transcription and translation on amphotericin B-induced IL-1β expression in a human monocytic cell line were also evaluated. Amphotericin B markedly increased IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels, with peak levels occurring by 4 h. Amphotericin B induced production of sIL-1Ra in a dose-dependent fashion and induced sIL-1Ra mRNA, with peak levels at 24 h. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in amphotericin B-induced IL-1β expression at 2 h. Thus, amphotericin B induces gene expression for IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-1Ra in human and murine monocytic cells.

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