Gamma-Ray Bursts from quark stars
Abstract
Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to be related to the explosion of supernovae type Ic, which have been stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes. There appear to be two types of these explosions: those which are approximately spherical (GRB980425/1998bw), and which are associated with weak bursts, and the classical GRBs which generate ultra-relativistic jets (GRB030329/SN2003dh). If this bi-modality is real Swift will provide a clear evidence for it. We propose that classical powerful GRBs, which generate ultra-relativistic outflows, are a result of a formation of quark stars. Quark stars may provide an additional energy for the explosion of SN Ic, but far more important is a creation of a surface which acts as a membrane which cannot be penetrated by baryons. A surface of a quark star allows only ultra-relativistic matter to escape: photons, neutrinos, electron -- positron pairs, and magnetic fields. The formation of a quark star follows the initial core collapse in several minutes. A possible evidence for this time delay is provided by BATSE precursors to GRBs, as analyzed by Lazzati (2005).Keywords
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