Glutamine and α-ketoglutarate are metabolite signals involved in nitrate reductase gene transcription in untransformed and transformed tobacco plants deficient in ferredoxin-glutamine-α-ketoglutarate aminotransferase

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Abstract
Transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants with varying activities of the key enzyme of ammonia assimilation, ferredoxin-glutamine-α-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (Fd-GOGAT; EC 1.4.7.1), were used to examine the roles of ammonium, glutamine (Gln) and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in the regulation of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) transcript abundance. In wild-type leaf discs, NR mRNA abundance was increased following feeding with NO3 –, sucrose and α-KG and decreased by feeding Gln. In air, leaves with decreased GOGAT accumulated Gln and α-KG simultaneously; this was accompanied by increased NR transcripts. The inhibition of NR transcription by Gln observed in leaf-disc experiments was therefore not observed in the low-Fd-GOGAT plants that accumulate Gln in vivo. The results suggest that the negative effect of Gln on NR transcript abundance was offset by high α-KG and that the relative amounts of α-KG and Gln are more important in controlling NR gene transcription than the concentration of either metabolite alone.

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