NORMAL AND ABNORMAL POSITION OF THE UMBILICAL ARTERY AND VENOUS CATHETER ON THE ROENTGENOGRAM AND REVIEW OF COMPLICATIONS

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Abstract
Proper placement of umbilical venous and arterial catheters is important for measuring blood gases, pH, blood pressure, and infusion of blood and alkalizing solutions. AP and often lateral roentgenograms of the chest and abdomen are mandatory for accurate localization of the catheters. Improper placement and handling leads to false measurements and complications, such as thrombosis with resultant infarcts and emboli.

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