Evaluating Conservation Education Programs at a South American Zoo

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Abstract
Zoological parks, nature centers, natural history museums, and related institutions are valuable resources for urban environmental education in developing countries. To determine the effectiveness of conservation education strategies currently in use at such institutions in Colombia, the authors implemented and compared several program formats. A zoo workshop in wildlife conservation targeting elementary school teachers was designed, evaluated, and contrasted with existing programs, including a zoo visit preceded by a slide show, an unstructured visit to the zoo, and a control group. The authors assessed responses from 1,015 fourth-grade students in 26 randomly selected schools in Cali, Colombia. Students in the four experimental groups completed a pretreatment and a posttreatment questionnaire comprising an achievement test with 18 multiple-choice knowledge questions and a 16-statement, 5-point attitude scale. Test results indicated that knowledge and attitude scores of students whose teachers participated in the educational program improved significantly. No effects on student knowledge or attitude scores were found for any of the other treatments. Students' active participation coupled with adequate preparation and reinforcement of wildlife conservation information were important factors influencing students' performance. Results of the study are being used to develop more effective informal programs for primary school children in Colombia.