On the Conditions of the Deposition of Coal, more especially as illustrated by the Coal-formation of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

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Abstract
In several former papers presented to this Society, I have endeavoured to illustrate the arrangement of the Carboniferous rocks of Nova Scotia, and to direct attention to their organic remains, the structures found in their coals, and the evidence which they afford as to the mode of accumulation of that mineral. The present paper is intended as the summing up and completion of these researches, with the addition of the new facts resulting from a careful study of the microscopic structure of more than seventy beds of coal occurring in the South-Joggins section, and of the fossil plants associated with them. These results will, I hope, throw much additional light on some of the more difficult problems connected with the theory of the accumulation of vegetable matter in the Carboniferous period, and its conversion into coal. The subjects to which I propose to direct attention may be conveniently arranged under the following heads:— (1) General considerations relating to the physical conditions of the Carboniferous period in Nova Scotia. (2) Details of the character and contents of the several beds of coal in the Joggins section, arranged in the order of Logan's Sectional List. (3) Remarks on the genera of animals and plants whose remains occur in the coal, and on their connexion with its accumulation. §II. G eneral C onsiderations Relating to P hysical C onditions . 1. Physical Gharavters of the several Coal-formations .—The total vertical thickness of the immense mass of sediment constituting the Carboniferous system in Nova Scotia may be estimated from the fact that

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