Constrained variational calculations for finite nuclei

Abstract
The technique of lowest-order constrained variational calculations used by the authors to study the bulk properties of homogeneous, quantal fluids (1978) is extended for use in discussing the ground-state properties of finite nuclei. The significance of various constraints in finite systems is discussed. It is shown that the saturating effects of explicit allowance for N*(1234) excitations is essential if the calculations are to yield sensible binding energies and RMS radii. Specific application is made to the light closed-shell nuclei 4He, 12C and 16O.