Effects of one-dimensional stress on piezoelectric ceramics

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Abstract
Highly accurate data obtained from measurements on three different formulations of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic material show the dependence of g33, d33, and KT33 on one-dimensional stress (applied parallel to the direction of polarization) to high values of stress (0–400 MPa). The constants for one type of ceramic vary with stress less than those of the other two types for high values of stress. A peak in the curve of tanδ as a function of T3 for two types of materials is a function of the material, and it is believed that the peaks are due to a phase transition from the ferroelectric tetragonal to the ferroelectric rhombohedral state. The experimental feasibility and practicability of using a reciprocity coupler to measure g33 and KT33 accurately as a function of one-dimensional stress to high values of stress has been established.

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