Relationship between corticotropin‐releasing factor and interleukin‐2: Evolutionary evidence

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Abstract
The addition of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) to molluscan hemocytes induces the release of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine), a phenomenon we have considered as an ancestral type of stress response [(1992) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 87, 354‐360]. A similar but less significant response was observed following the addition of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Pre‐incubation of hemocytes with IL‐2 or anti‐IL‐2 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced or completely eliminated the CRF‐induced release of biogenic amines. Further direct evidence of competition between CRF and IL‐2 was revealed by immunocytochemical and cytofluorimetric analysis. The data are compatible with the presence of a unique (ancestral?) receptor on molluscan hemocytes, capable of binding both CRF and IL‐2, two key molecules of the neuroendocrine and immune system, respectively.

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