Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers are highly divergent in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium sambucinum (Gibberella pulicaris)

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Abstract
Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8s ribosomal DNA gene of the heterothallic phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Fusarium sambucinum (teleomorph=Gibberella pulicaris), was examined in 86 strains from diverse geographical locations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing in order to measure intraspecific divergence within the ITS region. Sequence analysis revealed three ITS types (A, B, C), within which divergence was extremely low (0–2.3%). Surprisingly, the level of intraspecific divergence observed between ITS types, A→B=14.3%, A→C=15%, and B→C=4.6%, is much greater than that reported for any other species. The degree to which transition/transversions and insertion/deletions make up the pattern of ITS sequence evolution both within and between types was analyzed. The sequences of the ITS types exhibit a C-T transition bias together with a GC insertion/deletion bias. In comparison, the genic flanking sequences, including the 5.8s rDNA gene and 5′ end of the 28s large nuclear rDNA, are highly conserved. By the criteria of mating and DNA-DNA hybridization, all the strains examined represent a single species. Discordance between the ITS sequence data and other molecular and genetic data on F. sambucinum is discussed.