Influence of sex and gonadal hormones on lipid metabolism in essential fatty acid‐deficient rats

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Abstract
Previous work has shown differences between male and female rats in their ability a) to mobilize linoleic acid from adipose tissue when the supply is limited; b) to maintain higher levels of circulating and liver arachidonic acid when dietary linoleic acid is limited; c) to prevent accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in the liver; and d) to increase the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their plasma lecithins. Recent studies are reviewed which show that a) essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient rats exhibit the same kinds of sex differences as do rats on complete diets; b) these differences are mediated or at least influenced by estrogen; c) some of the differences may be attributed to differences in body size which result in less need for PUFA in structural phospholipid (PL); d) the rate of conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid may differ under certain experimental conditions; and e) female rats have higher proportions of stearic and arachidonic acids in their liver lecithins than do males, which may relate to their higher rate of lecithin synthesis via methylation of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.