Hot-Water Quarantine Treatment to Control Fruit Flies in Mangoes Imported into the United States from Peru

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Abstract
Heated water was tested as a quarantine treatment to control infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha oblique (Macquart); A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), and A. distincta Greene in mango, Mangifera indica L., imported from Peru. Immersing infested fruit for 10-70 min at 46.1 ± 0.25°C reduced the number of surviving pupae that developed from treated larvae. Probit analysis of the data estimated immersion times needed to reach 99.9968% (Probit 9) mortality as 76.1 min for C. capitata, 113.4 min for A. oblique, 75.6 min for A. fraterculus, and 65.8 min for A. distincta. Large-scale confirmatory tests for C. capitata and A. oblique resulted in no survivors based on normal appearing pupae when 148,925 C. capitata in 3,710 infested mangoes and 122,417 A. oblique in 4,118 infested mangoes were immersed in water at 46.1 ±0.25°C for 90 min.