Effect of Protein Energy Malnutrition on the Lipid Composition and Leucine Uptake of Small Intestinal Brush Border Vesicles of Growing Rhesus Monkeys

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Abstract
Mild to moderate protein energy malnutrition (PEM) was induced in young developing rhesus monkeys by giving them half of the casein-based synthetic diet which was given to control animals. After a body weight reduction of 30-40%, the PEM animals were sacrificed. The small intestine was removed, flushed with ice-cold saline, everted and divided into equal proximal, middle and distal segments. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from all three segments and assayed for marker enzymes, e.g. sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, to assess their purity. Sucrase was found to be purified 23-fold and alkaline phosphatase 12-fold compared to the respective homogenates in all three parts. In PEM animals, uptake of [U-14C]L-leucine into the BBMV was diminished in all three segments and cholesterol and phospholipid levels also decreased significantly. As a result there was an elevation in the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid, and the sphingomyelin: phosphatidylcholine molar ratio also increased. This signified a decrease in lipid fluidity and amino acid uptake in PEM in the small intestine. Histologically, a mild to moderate grade of partial villus atrophy was observed in the intestine. The diminished uptake and lipid fluidity of the membrane and the histological changes returned to their control values after nutritional rehabilitation.

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