Opiate state controls bi-directional reward signaling via GABAA receptors in the ventral tegmental area

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Abstract
The neural mechanisms that mediate the transition from a drug-naive state to a state of drug dependence and addiction are not yet known. Here we show that a discrete population of GABAA receptors in the mammalian ventral tegmental area (VTA) serves as a potential addiction switching mechanism by gating reward transmission through one of two neural motivational systems: either a dopamine-independent (opiate-naive) or a dopaminergic (opiate-dependent or opiate-withdrawn) system. Bi-directional transmission of reward signals through this GABAA receptor substrate is dynamically controlled by the opiate state of the organism and involves a molecular alteration of the GABAA receptor. After opiate exposure and subsequent withdrawal, the functional conductance properties of the rat VTA GABAA receptor switch from an inhibitory to an excitatory signaling mode.