Observations on the inter‐relationships of Sertoli cells at the level of the blood‐testis barrier: Evidence for formation and resorption of Sertoli‐Sertoli tubulobulbar complexes during the spermatogenic cycle of the rat

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Abstract
Structures termed tubulobulbar complexes are known to be formed by adjoining Sertoli cells at the level of the blood-testis barrier (Russell and Clermont, 1976). Here, long (2–4 μm) tubular evaginations of one Sertoli cell, which end in bulbous dilations, are seen in corresponding invaginations of a neighboring Sertoli cell. In most regions of the tubular and bulbous portions of the complex, the Sertoli plasma membranes were found to be separated by a 4–5-nm intercellular space, but in some areas the membranes converged to form tight and gap junctions. The numbers, distribution and properties of tubulobulbar complexes were studied in relation to the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. From the data obtained it was concluded that tubulobulbar complexes develop and undergo regressive changes during the spermatogenic cycle. Most complexes arise during the early stages of the cycle (Stages II-V) and develop large bulbous endings. Developing tubulobulbar complexes consist of short evaginations of one Sertoli cell which face a bristle-coated pit of the opposing Sertoli cell. At midcycle (Stages VI-VII) most show regressive changes and are eventually resorbed as a consequence of the action of nearby Sertoli lysosomes. Once resorbed, the probability of seeing a tubulobulbar complex in thin sections decreases from 4- to 8-fold. The few tubulobulbar complexes which remain past this period (Stages VII-XIV-I) usually lack bulbous endings and are frequently seen above type A spermatogonia. The data suggest that small fragments of cytoplasm and plasma membrane (including junctional surfaces) are lost from one Sertoli cell as a result of the degradative processes occurring in a neighboring Sertoli cell. Tubulobulbar resorption is discussed in relation to the impending breakdown of the blood-testis barrier above spermatocytes as these cells move upward. The possible significance of the cyclic resorption of tight and gap junctional sites between Sertoli cells is also discussed.